The motivations of the Ottoman Empire were largely driven by territorial expansion, economic gain, and cultural assimilation, while the Umayyad dynasty sought to spread Islam and Arab culture through territorial conquests and political dominance. Both empires achieved significant territorial conquests, but their underlying motivations reflected different stages of Islamic expansion and administrative approaches as the Umayyads focused on unifying a diverse range of regions under a single caliphate.
n 1–2 sentences, compare the motivations and conquests of the Ottoman Empire and the Umayyad dynasty.(2 points),
3 answers
“In the two centuries following Muhammad’s death, the relationship between religious and secular authorities changed substantially.” In 1–2 sentences, develop a logical argument in support of this statement.(2 points)
In the two centuries following Muhammad’s death, the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire led to a distinction between religious and secular authorities, as caliphs transitioned from being primarily spiritual leaders to political rulers with significant administrative power. This shift was exemplified by the establishment of dynastic rule, such as the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, which often prioritized political stability and governance over purely religious objectives, thereby altering the dynamics between religious scholars and secular leaders.
1 answer