- Narrow streets and closely packed buildings
- Mosques served as worship and learning centers
- Bazaars functioned as marketplaces for trade
- Farmers relied on irrigation for agriculture
- Society structured by power and wealth hierarchy
Muslim cities generally had narrow streets separating closely packed buildings. The main buildings were mosques and palaces. Mosques (MAHSKS) are Muslim houses f worship. They also served as schools, courts, and centers of learning. Another important feature of every Muslim city was the bazaar (buh-ZAHR), or marketplace. Like shopping malls today, bazaars were full of shops and stalls where goods were sold. They were often covered to protect merchants and customers from the scorching sun. Nearby inns provided travelers with a place to eat and rest. Despite the importance of cities, most Muslims lived in villages and farmed the land. The dry climate and the lack of rainfall, however, made farming difficult. Muslim farmers relied on irrigation to water their crops. They raised wheat, rice, beans, cucumbers, and melons in their fields. They planted orchards that provided almonds, apricots, figs, and olives. Farmers also grew flowers for use in perfume. Some Muslim villagers owned small farms. Most of the productive land, however, was owned by wealthy landowners. They had large estates and hired farmers from nearby villages or used enslaved people to farm the land. HOW WAS MUSLIM SOCIETY ORGANIZED? People in the Muslim world were divided into social groups based on their power and wealth. Government leaders, landowners, and wealthy merchants held the greatest power. Below them were artisans, farmers, and workers. Enslaved people held no power. As in other civilizations, slavery was common in Muslim lands. Many enslaved people were prisoners of war. Although they faced hardships, enslaved people had some rights under Islamic law. For example, mothers and young children could not be separated, and enslaved people could buy their freedom. Men and women had separate roles in the Muslim world. Islamic law rejected the older Arabian view of women as "family property," declaring that all men and women are entitled to respect. It also declared that each person is in control of his or her own morals and beliefs. However, Muslim society remained a patriarchy, or a society dominated by men. Men were in charge of government, society, and business. Women managed their [Illustration mid-18005) The word "bazaar" is Persian refers to the public market dis In a town. These ancient mark with mony stalls and shops so both local and imported good all over the world. They were forerunners of modern shopp centers that we know today. PAZARI Modern Spice Bazaar, Ista EXPLAINING IDEAS What advantages of having a ce marketplace? DETERMINING MEANING To better understand patr break it into two words of Patriarchy comes from wo meaning "father" and "to How does this relate to th definition provided in the
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