Most microcontrollers can handle only a small amount of current directly through the I/O pins (typically 20–25 mA), which is enough to light up an LED. However for circuits that need more current, the microcontroller I/O pins should be isolated using a transistor driver.

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Microcontroller I/O pins can typically handle only a small amount of current (around 20-25 mA). To control devices that require more current, it is advisable to use a transistor driver to isolate the microcontroller from the load, protecting the microcontroller and providing the necessary current for the device being controlled.