During James Monroe's presidency, the Supreme Court expanded the power of the federal government primarily through decisions that reinforced its authority over the states and the economy. The best option from your list is:
It gave the federal government power to regulate the economy.
This is exemplified by cases such as McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), which strengthened federal control over economic activities and established the precedence of federal law over state law.