Mining and other introduced technologies are source of the heavy metals that
released into the environment which then taken in by the living organism and
increases its concentration via tropic level and eventually causes severe
diseases and death. There are physical and chemical method to treat the
contaminated ecosystem so the environment and the surrounding can be looks
healthy. However, these methods are very expensive and demands a lot of
human capital, thus, the biological method is an inexpensive way forward
introduced recently to treat contaminants of heavy metals in the environment.
Hence, the paper on phytoremediation of heavy metals by Trifolium
alexandrinum reflects that phytoremediation is a promising and environmental
friendly approach for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
Therefore, the Trifolium alexandrinum, commonly known as Egyptian clover, has shown potential in the
phytoremediation of heavy metals due to its ability to take up heavy metal from the soil and store them in its
tissues, effectively reducing the amount of these pollutants in the soil. These can help to improve the soil
quality and reduce the potential risks of heavy metals contamination to the human health and the
environment. However, there are limitations to consider when using Trifolium alexandrinum for
phytoremediation. For example, the effectiveness of this plant species in removing heavy metals can be
influenced by factors such as soil pH, nutrient availability, and the presence of competing plant species
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