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Name/list the PRODUCTS of CELLULAR RESPIRATION.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (in the form of ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. The primary products of cellular respiration are:
- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): The main energy currency of the cell.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): A waste product that is expelled from the organism.
- Water (H₂O): Another by-product of cellular respiration.
In summary, the main products of cellular respiration are:
- ATP
- Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
- Water (H₂O)
It's worth noting that these products can vary slightly based on the specific type of cellular respiration (aerobic vs. anaerobic). In aerobic respiration, all three products are produced, while anaerobic respiration (like fermentation) might produce different end products, such as ethanol (in alcoholic fermentation) or lactic acid (in lactic acid fermentation).
How are PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION related?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two fundamental biological processes that are closely related and often considered complementary to each other in the energy flow of ecosystems. Here are the key points highlighting their relationship:
1. Opposing Reactions:
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Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂) using sunlight as energy: \[ 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light energy} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \]
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Cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy (ATP): \[ C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy (ATP)} \]
2. Energy Transformation:
- Photosynthesis captures and stores energy from sunlight in the form of glucose. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
- Cellular respiration releases the stored energy from glucose to synthesize ATP, which is used for various cellular activities. This process occurs in the mitochondria of both plant and animal cells.
3. Gas Exchange:
- Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a by-product, which is then used in cellular respiration.
- Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide as a by-product, which is then used in photosynthesis.
4. Interdependence:
- In a plant, the oxygen produced during photosynthesis is utilized in cellular respiration, while the carbon dioxide produced during respiration can be used in photosynthesis.
- This cycle is essential for maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere and sustaining life.
5. Overall Cycle:
- Together, photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle of energy transfer and matter recycling within ecosystems.
- In essence, they are interconnected processes that support the life of plants, animals, and other organisms in the biosphere.
In summary, photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated processes that capture and release energy, with each process relying on the products of the other. This relationship is crucial for life on Earth.
What is the CHEMICAL EQUATION for CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
The chemical equation for cellular respiration can be summarized as follows:
Aerobic Cellular Respiration: \[ C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy (ATP)} \]
Breakdown of the Equation:
-
Reactants:
- \( C_6H_{12}O_6 \): Glucose
- \( O_2 \): Oxygen
-
Products:
- \( CO_2 \): Carbon Dioxide
- \( H_2O \): Water
- Energy (in the form of ATP)
This equation represents aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen and is the most efficient way to produce ATP. There are also anaerobic processes that occur in the absence of oxygen, resulting in different products, such as lactic acid in animals or ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast. However, the equation above pertains specifically to the aerobic process.
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