The U.S. Constitution can be amended through two primary methods of proposal and two primary methods of ratification. Here’s a breakdown of these methods:
Proposal Methods:
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By Congress: An amendment can be proposed by a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
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By State Legislatures: An amendment can be proposed by a national convention called for by two-thirds of state legislatures (this method has never been used).
Ratification Methods:
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By State Legislatures: An amendment can be ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths (38 out of 50) of the states.
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By State Conventions: An amendment can also be ratified by conventions held in three-fourths of the states (this method has also been used once, for the 21st Amendment).
Summary of Answers:
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Proposed:
- By Congress (2/3 vote in each house)
- By national convention (2/3 request of state legislatures)
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Ratified:
- By state legislatures (3/4 of states)
- By state conventions (3/4 of states)
In essence, the Constitution allows for flexible methods for making amendments to ensure both federal and state involvement.