one allele for each gene. According to Mendel's law of segregation, the two alleles for a trait (one inherited from each parent) separate during the formation of gametes (egg and sperm cells). When an organism produces gametes, the alleles for a given trait segregate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This process is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and ensuring that offspring can receive different combinations of alleles from their parents. The random combination of these alleles during fertilization leads to the genetic variation observed in the offspring.
Mendel's laws of inheritance explain the patterns of genetic variation observed in offspring. During meiosis:
The law of segregation ensures that each gamete receives
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