In the scenario described, the tall and short pea plants are exhibiting a classic example of Mendelian inheritance. Since all of the offspring from the cross between the tall and short plants are tall, we can conclude the following:
- The recessive allele is the one that corresponds to the short phenotype. This means that the short plants must have two copies of this recessive allele, as they express the short trait.
- The dominant allele is the one that corresponds to the tall phenotype. Since the tall plants produce only tall offspring, the tall phenotype is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.
In summary:
- Recessive allele: Short (represented by a lowercase letter, e.g., "t")
- Dominant allele: Tall (represented by an uppercase letter, e.g., "T")