Medicine to reduce blood pressure may act by several mechanisms, including:
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Vasodilation: Some medications relax and widen blood vessels, reducing resistance and lowering blood pressure. Examples include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers.
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Diuresis: Diuretics help the body remove excess sodium and fluid, which decreases blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.
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Heart Rate Reduction: Certain medications, such as beta-blockers, decrease heart rate and reduce the force of the heart's contractions, leading to lower blood pressure.
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Inhibiting Renin-Angiotensin System: Medications like ACE inhibitors and ARBs block the effects of hormones that constrict blood vessels, helping to lower blood pressure.
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Central Nervous System Action: Some antihypertensive medications, such as alpha-2 agonists, act on the brain to reduce sympathetic nerve activity, which can lead to lowered blood pressure.
These multiple actions enable healthcare providers to tailor treatment for individuals based on their specific health needs and underlying causes of hypertension.
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