If the line segment bisector divides Matthew's original line segment into two equal pieces, and each piece measures 8.2 cm, then we can determine the total length of the original line segment.
Since the bisector creates two equal parts, we can calculate the total length by adding the lengths of the two pieces together:
\[ \text{Length of original line segment} = \text{length of one piece} \times 2 = 8.2 , \text{cm} \times 2 = 16.4 , \text{cm} \]
Thus, the length of Matthew's original line segment is \( \boxed{16.4} \) cm.