Here are the matches based on the descriptions provided:
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Student of Plato; believed logic and deduction using evidence should always be used in research; used a very early form of the scientific method.
- Aristotle
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Student of Socrates; believed human mind should be rational, orderly, and virtuous.
- Plato
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Greek poet who wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey
- Homer
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Roman academic who translated works of Greek philosophers for future generations.
- Cicero (or Seneca, depending on the context)
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Executed for criticizing the Roman government.
- Socrates (if referring to his critiques in general, although he was executed more for his philosophical beliefs than for criticizing Rome directly, this could be conflated)
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King of Macedonia; conquered land from Greece to Pakistan.
- Alexander the Great
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Student of Aristotle. Explored the power of human thought and executed for questioning the status quo.
- Socrates (if you meant a different thinker who followed Aristotle, like Alexander, using human thought in leadership as a philosophical concept would be counted)
Note: If you're looking for specific names beyond these common associations, feel free to ask for clarification to refine these categories for more precise assignments.