Many foods typically have a narrow range of nutrients. However, most seeds contain proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in them. Why do seeds contain so many different organic molecules?

Answer 1

Seeds contain a diverse array of organic molecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, for several important reasons related to their function and survival:

1. Nutritional Reserve: Seeds serve as reservoirs of energy and nutrients for the developing plant embryo. The combination of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates provides the necessary components to fuel growth during germination and early development.

2. Protein: Proteins in seeds provide amino acids that are crucial for building new tissues. They serve multiple roles, including structural functions, enzymatic activities, and signaling processes within the growing plant.

3. Lipids: Lipids, particularly in the form of oils, serve as a concentrated source of energy. They are important for the energy-intensive process of germination, and they help maintain seed viability during dormancy due to their stability.

4. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates, primarily in the form of starch, provide a readily accessible source of energy for the germinating seed. They are broken down into simple sugars to fuel metabolic activities during the early stages of plant growth.

5. Protection: The complex composition of seeds helps protect the embryo. For example, lipids can form protective coatings, while certain proteins may deter herbivores or pathogens, ensuring that the seed can survive until conditions are favorable for germination.

6. Adaptation to Various Environments: Different seed compositions allow plants to adapt to various environmental conditions. Some seeds may have higher lipid content for survival in dry environments, while others may prioritize carbohydrates for rapid growth in nutrient-rich soils.

7. Diverse Strategies for Establishment: The combination of different types of organic molecules allows for diverse strategies in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination. This diversity increases the likelihood of survival and successful establishment in various ecosystems.

Overall, the presence of a variety of organic molecules in seeds contributes to their function as efficient units of reproduction and survival in the plant life cycle.