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List common monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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Sure! Here are common examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides:

Monosaccharides

  1. Glucose - A primary energy source for cells.
  2. Fructose - Found in many fruits and honey.
  3. Galactose - Part of lactose, found in milk.
  4. Ribose - A component of nucleotides in RNA.
  5. Deoxyribose - A component of nucleotides in DNA.

Disaccharides

  1. Sucrose - Composed of glucose and fructose; common table sugar.
  2. Lactose - Composed of glucose and galactose; found in milk.
  3. Maltose - Composed of two glucose molecules; found in malted foods and beverages.

Polysaccharides

  1. Starch - A storage form of glucose in plants; found in potatoes, rice, and corn.
  2. Glycogen - A storage form of glucose in animals; primarily found in liver and muscle tissue.
  3. Cellulose - A structural component of plant cell walls; contributes to dietary fiber.
  4. Chitin - A structural component found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and in fungal cell walls.
  5. Pectin - A polysaccharide found in fruits that is used as a gelling agent in cooking.

These carbohydrates play various essential roles in biology, including energy storage, structural integrity, and cell signaling.