List and discuss the cardinal functions of Literature

Answer 1

The cardinal functions of literature are the primary purposes or roles that literature serves in society. While there can be many different opinions on this matter, the following are widely accepted as the cardinal functions of literature:

1. Aesthetic function: The aesthetic function of literature refers to its ability to provide pure enjoyment and appreciation of the written word. Literature is often acclaimed for its artistic value and its ability to evoke emotions. It is through the language, style, and storytelling techniques employed by authors that literature captivates readers and provides them with aesthetic pleasure.

2. Cognitive function: Literature also serves a cognitive function by expanding our knowledge and understanding of the world. It can offer insights into different cultures, historical periods, and human experiences. Through reading literature, we develop critical thinking skills, imagination, and empathy. Literature can also challenge our assumptions and beliefs, encouraging us to reconsider our perspectives.

3. Emotional function: Literature has the power to evoke a wide range of emotions in readers. It can make us laugh, cry, feel fear, joy, or sorrow. By tapping into universal human emotions, literature connects readers to the characters and situations depicted in the text, allowing them to experience and understand various emotional states. This emotional connection can lead to personal growth, self-reflection, and increased empathy.

4. Social function: Literature plays a crucial role in society by reflecting and commenting on social and cultural issues. It can address themes such as justice, inequality, human rights, love, and morality. Through literature, writers often challenge social norms and conventions, sparking discussions and debates about important societal topics. By portraying diverse characters and perspectives, literature helps foster understanding and dialogue among different communities and promotes social change.

5. Entertainment function: Literature also has an entertainment function, providing readers with an escape from reality and a source of enjoyment. Books can transport us to different worlds, introduce us to interesting characters, and engage us with compelling plots. This escapism and entertainment value of literature offer a welcome distraction from everyday life and can contribute to stress reduction and relaxation.

6. Historical function: Literature serves as a historical record by capturing the spirit, values, and beliefs of a particular time and place. From classic works to contemporary literature, each era's literature reflects the social, political, and cultural context in which it was written. By studying literature, we can gain insights into how societies have evolved, how people lived in different periods, and the impact of historical events on individuals and communities.

Overall, literature encompasses a wide range of functions that are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. It entertains, stimulates the mind, provides emotional engagement, records history, and challenges societal norms, making it an essential and enriching part of human culture.