1. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - a chronic condition that affects the large intestine and causes symptoms such as bloating, gas, and abdominal pain.
2. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of disorders that cause inflammation of the intestines, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
3. Intestinal obstruction - a blockage in the intestines that can cause abdominal distension, pain, and vomiting.
4. Appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix that can cause abdominal pain, fever, and distension.
5. Gastroenteritis - inflammation of the stomach and intestines often caused by a viral or bacterial infection, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating.
6. Constipation - difficulty passing stool, leading to abdominal distension and discomfort.
7. Gastric outlet obstruction - a blockage in the stomach that can cause bloating and vomiting.
8. Lactose intolerance - the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, which can lead to symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea.
9. Pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas that can cause abdominal pain and distension.
10. Celiac disease - an autoimmune disorder triggered by consumption of gluten, leading to damage in the small intestine and symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea.
11. Intussusception - a condition where one segment of the intestine slides into another, causing obstruction and symptoms like abdominal distension and pain.
12. Parasitic infections - such as giardiasis or tapeworm infection, which can cause bloating and gastrointestinal symptoms.
13. Hepatitis - inflammation of the liver, which can lead to abdominal distension, jaundice, and other symptoms.
14. Ovarian cysts - fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries, causing abdominal bloating and discomfort.
15. Mesenteric ischemia - reduced blood flow to the intestines, leading to abdominal pain, distension, and potentially severe complications.
16. Abdominal tumors - such as neuroblastoma or Wilms tumor, which can cause abdominal distension and other symptoms.
17. Volvulus - a twisting of the intestines that can lead to obstruction and abdominal distension.
18. Malabsorption syndromes - conditions such as celiac disease or pancreatic insufficiency that interfere with the absorption of nutrients, causing bloating and other symptoms.
19. Enlarged lymph nodes - due to infections or lymphoma, which can lead to abdominal distension.
20. Ovarian torsion - a condition where the ovary twists on itself, cutting off blood supply and causing severe abdominal pain and distension.
List and briefly explain at least 20 differential diagnosis of abdominal distension of 5 month duration in a 10 years old male
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