Lesson 1: Force and Motion Introduction

Question

Lesson 1: Force and Motion Introduction
This lesson begins with a Social and Emotional lesson about Fighting Inertia. There will be no quick check or test questions about this. Page 5 has an introduction to the unit. There is no quick check for this lesson.

Lesson 2: Position, Distance and Displacement
What is the objective of this lesson?

Define distance-

Define displacement-

You run 2 blocks away, turn around and run 2 blocks back home.
What is your distance?

What is your displacement?

Define speed-

Define velocity-

What is the major difference between speed and velocity?

Quick check help- Pay close attention to Question 2 on page 4. 
Answer the following questions about position-time graphs:

What is the independent variable and on which axis does it belong?

What is the dependent variable and on which axis does it belong?

What does a horizontal line (no slope) represent on a position-time graph?

What does a straight line going up or down (constant slope) represent on a position-time graph?

What does a curved line (slope is not constant) represent on a position-time graph?

Look at the graph on page 8. What is Peter doing between minutes 10 and 30?

When is Peter going away from home?

When is Peter going back home?

Based on the steepness of the slope, is Peter moving faster when he is going away from or toward home?

Page 9, Question 2- What does the slope of a line represent on a position-time graph?

Lesson 3: Magnitude and Direction of Force
What is the objective of this lesson?

Define magnitude-

Which value has a greater magnitude: 15 Newtons of force OR 30 Newtons of force?

What will happen to an object’s motion if the forces applied to the object are balanced on all sides?

What will happen to an object’s motion if the total force is not balanced?

What is total force?

Lesson 4: Forces that Change Motion
What is the objective of this lesson?

Define force-

What unit is used to measure the amount of force?

What do balanced forces do to an object’s motion?

What do unbalanced forces do to an object’s motion?

Is gravity an example of a contact force or a non-contact force? Contact forces require contact to occur (pushing or pulling something). Non-contact forces act on an object without physically touching the object.

What is another word for “mass in motion?”

Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and its velocity. (Momentum = mass x velocity)

For an object to change its momentum, what type of force must act on the object?

Are net forces balanced or unbalanced? 
Every object that moves has _______________________. In order to change momentum, a ________________ must work on the object.

Lesson 8: Newton’s First Law
What is the objective of this lesson?

What does Newton’s First Law of Motion state?

What causes an object’s motion or direction to change?

What is Newton’s first law of motion also known as?

What is inertia? (It’s not just a property of matter, like Bill Nye says)

Why will a bike rider continue to move forward even after the curb has stopped the bike?

Note- some other forces that can act on objects are gravity, friction, and air resistance.

Lesson 9: Newton’s Second Law
What is the objective of this lesson?

Why is more force needed to move a bowling ball than a beach ball?

What does Newton’s Second Law say?

Newton’s Second Law can be shown as F = m ᐧ a
What do these variables stand for? 
	F= 
	m= 
	a=

Note- Acceleration is a change in velocity. Velocity is speed with direction, so acceleration could be a change in speed (speeding up or slowing down) or a change in direction. A negative acceleration would be slowing down. A positive acceleration would be speeding up.

What are 2 ways that a bowler could increase the force behind his bowling ball?

Quick Check Help- 
When calculating F = ma, the mass needs to be in kilograms. 145 g = 0.145 kg

Lesson 10: Newton’s Third Law
What is the objective of this lesson?

What does Newton’s Third Law state?

How do bumper cars demonstrate Newton’s Third Law?

Explain what you observe about the video of Newton's Cradle on page 3.

What are the 2 key words to remember any time you are dealing with Newton’s Third Law? 
	
	___________________ and _____________________

Lesson 11: Collision Forces
What is the objective of this lesson?

What can change the motion of an object?

What is the unit for force?

Remember that Newton’s Second Law can be written as F = m ᐧ a. 
(Force = mass x acceleration)

Calculate the force of a wrecking ball that weighs 1,000 kilograms and is accelerating at 12 meters per second squared.

If the force of the wrecking ball hitting the wall is 12,000 N, what is the magnitude of the reaction force of the wall hitting the wrecking ball?

If an action force is 20 Newtons, what is the magnitude of the reaction force?

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Lesson 1: Force and Motion Introduction - **Social and Emotional Lesson:** Fighting Inertia. - **No quick check or test questions for this lesson.** --- ### Lesson 2: Position, Distance and Displacement - **Objective of this lesson:** Understand the concepts of position, distance, displacement, speed, and velocity. 1. **Define distance:** The total length of the path traveled, regardless of direction. 2. **Define displacement:** The straight line distance from the initial position to the final position, including direction. 3. **You run 2 blocks away, turn around and run 2 blocks back home.** - **What is your distance?** 4 blocks (2 blocks away + 2 blocks back). - **What is your displacement?** 0 blocks (starting and ending at the same location). 4. **Define speed:** The rate at which an object covers distance (distance traveled per unit of time). 5. **Define velocity:** The rate at which an object changes its position, including direction (displacement per unit of time). 6. **What is the major difference between speed and velocity?** Speed is a scalar quantity (magnitude only), while velocity is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction). --- ### Quick check help - Position-Time Graphs: 1. **What is the independent variable and on which axis does it belong?** Time (x-axis). 2. **What is the dependent variable and on which axis does it belong?** Position (y-axis). 3. **What does a horizontal line (no slope) represent on a position-time graph?** The object is at rest (not changing position). 4. **What does a straight line going up or down (constant slope) represent on a position-time graph?** The object is moving at a constant speed (upward for moving away and downward for returning). 5. **What does a curved line (slope is not constant) represent on a position-time graph?** The object’s speed is changing (accelerating or decelerating). 6. **Look at the graph on page 8. What is Peter doing between minutes 10 and 30?** (Assuming a response based on typical graph interpretation) Peter is moving away from home. 7. **When is Peter going away from home?** When the graph is sloping upwards. 8. **When is Peter going back home?** When the graph is sloping downwards. 9. **Based on the steepness of the slope, is Peter moving faster when he is going away from or toward home?** Peter is moving faster when going away from home (assuming the slope is steeper). 10. **Page 9, Question 2 - What does the slope of a line represent on a position-time graph?** The speed of the object. --- ### Lesson 3: Magnitude and Direction of Force - **Objective of this lesson:** Understand force, its magnitude, and its effect on motion. 1. **Define magnitude:** The size or quantity of a force. 2. **Which value has a greater magnitude: 15 Newtons of force OR 30 Newtons of force?** 30 Newtons of force. 3. **What will happen to an object’s motion if the forces applied to the object are balanced on all sides?** It will remain at rest or move with a constant velocity (no change in motion). 4. **What will happen to an object’s motion if the total force is not balanced?** The object will accelerate (change its motion). 5. **What is total force?** The vector sum of all individual forces acting on an object. --- ### Lesson 4: Forces that Change Motion - **Objective of this lesson:** Learn about how forces affect motion. 1. **Define force:** A push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate. 2. **What unit is used to measure the amount of force?** Newton (N). 3. **What do balanced forces do to an object’s motion?** They keep the object at rest or in constant motion. 4. **What do unbalanced forces do to an object’s motion?** They cause the object to accelerate (change its motion). 5. **Is gravity an example of a contact force or a non-contact force?** Non-contact force. 6. **What is another word for “mass in motion?”** Momentum. 7. **For an object to change its momentum, what type of force must act on the object?** An unbalanced force. 8. **Are net forces balanced or unbalanced?** Unbalanced. - Every object that moves has **momentum**. In order to change momentum, a **force** must work on the object. --- ### Lesson 8: Newton’s First Law - **Objective of this lesson:** Explore Newton's First Law of Motion and understand inertia. 1. **What does Newton’s First Law of Motion state?** An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant speed and in a straight line unless acted upon by a net external force. 2. **What causes an object’s motion or direction to change?** A net external force. 3. **What is Newton’s first law of motion also known as?** The Law of Inertia. 4. **What is inertia?** The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. 5. **Why will a bike rider continue to move forward even after the curb has stopped the bike?** Due to inertia, the rider's body will continue in motion until acted upon by another force (like gravity or friction). --- ### Lesson 9: Newton’s Second Law - **Objective of this lesson:** Understand Newton's Second Law and its implications on force, mass, and acceleration. 1. **Why is more force needed to move a bowling ball than a beach ball?** The bowling ball has greater mass, thus requiring more force to achieve the same acceleration. 2. **What does Newton’s Second Law say?** The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. 3. **Newton’s Second Law can be shown as F = m • - **What do these variables stand for?** - **F =** Force (in Newtons) - **m =** Mass (in kilograms) - **a =** Acceleration (in meters per second squared) 4. **What are 2 ways that a bowler could increase the force behind his bowling ball?** - By increasing the speed of the throw. - By using a heavier bowling ball. --- ### Lesson 10: Newton’s Third Law - **Objective of this lesson:** Examine Newton's Third Law and demonstrate its application. 1. **What does Newton’s Third Law state?** For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. 2. **How do bumper cars demonstrate Newton’s Third Law?** When one bumper car collides with another, the force exerted on the first car results in an equal and opposite force on the second car. 3. **Explain what you observe about the video of Newton's Cradle on page 3.** (Expected observations: When one ball is lifted and released, it strikes the others and causes the ball on the opposite end to lift, illustrating action and reaction.) 4. **What are the 2 key words to remember any time you are dealing with Newton’s Third Law?** - **Action and Reaction.** --- ### Lesson 11: Collision Forces - **Objective of this lesson:** Understand how collision forces affect motion. 1. **What can change the motion of an object?** An external force, such as a collision or applied force. 2. **What is the unit for force?** Newton (N). 3. **Calculate the force of a wrecking ball that weighs 1,000 kilograms and is accelerating at 12 meters per second squared.** - **F = m • a = 1000 kg • 12 m/s² = 12,000 N.** 4. **If the force of the wrecking ball hitting the wall is 12,000 N, what is the magnitude of the reaction force of the wall hitting the wrecking ball?** 12,000 N (equal and opposite force). 5. **If an action force is 20 Newtons, what is the magnitude of the reaction force?** 20 Newtons (equal and opposite force).