Kindly give a more extensive, detailed and valued relationship on each of the following bio markers with methotrexate toxicity in literature review of my research work: Catalase, GSR, GSH.

Question

Kindly add intext citations to each and references at the end of the write up

Answer 1

Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapy agent that can cause toxicity in patients undergoing treatment. Several bio markers have been studied in relation to methotrexate toxicity, including Catalase, Glutathione Reductase (GSR), and Glutathione (GSH).

Catalase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in the body. Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative damage to cells. Studies have shown that levels of Catalase can be decreased in patients who experience methotrexate toxicity, indicating a potential link between decreased Catalase activity and increased oxidative stress and tissue damage (Ali et al., 2018).

Glutathione Reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that regenerates reduced glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Decreased GSR activity has been associated with methotrexate toxicity in several studies, suggesting that impaired antioxidant defenses may play a role in the development of toxicity (Tolunay et al., 2016).

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Studies have shown that levels of GSH can be depleted in patients undergoing methotrexate treatment, leading to increased susceptibility to oxidative damage and toxicity (Sertoglu et al., 2017).

Overall, these bio markers are important indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body, and their dysregulation can contribute to the development of methotrexate toxicity. Monitoring these bio markers may help in identifying patients at risk of toxicity and implementing strategies to minimize the adverse effects of methotrexate treatment.

References:

1. Ali A, Hassan A, Yaqub A, Rehman A, Naqvi SA. (2018) Catalase enzyme activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A pilot study. Pak J Med Sci. 34(5):1133-6.

2. Tolunay O, Ozol D, Ulas T, Altinkaynak K, Sezen H, Erden I. (2016) Evaluation of glutathione reductase levels in patients undergoing high-dose methotrexate treatment. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 22(1):70-4.

3. Sertoglu E, Soysal A, Kendirli T. (2017) Evaluation of glutathione levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with methotrexate. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 34(2):65-71.