Here are responses to your key concepts questions:
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What do we call facts, statistics, quotations, or other pieces of information that can be verified by a source and support the writer’s claim?
- These are called evidence. They provide support for the claims being made in an argument and help to substantiate the writer's position.
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Why must writers of an argument use reasoning?
- Writers must use reasoning to logically connect their claims and evidence. Reasoning helps to explain why the evidence supports the claims, making the argument more persuasive and coherent. Without reasoning, the argument may appear weak or unconvincing, as it lacks a clear rationale for the connections being made.
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Why is it important for writers to acknowledge and address the counterclaims to their argument?
- Acknowledging and addressing counterclaims demonstrates the writer's awareness of different perspectives and strengthens their argument by showing that they have considered alternative viewpoints. It also builds credibility, as the writer is engaging with opposing ideas rather than ignoring them, which can make the argument more nuanced and persuasive.
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What does it mean to refute a counterclaim?
- To refute a counterclaim means to provide evidence and reasoning that disproves or undermines the validity of that counterclaim. This involves clearly articulating why the counterclaim is not as strong as the original claim or presenting evidence that contradicts it.
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What is at least one way that claims and counterclaims could be organized in an argument?
- One common way to organize claims and counterclaims is through the point-counterpoint structure, where the writer presents a claim followed by a counterclaim, then offers evidence and reasoning for both sides before ultimately concluding with a strong statement that reinforces the original claim. This method allows for a clear juxtaposition of the main argument and opposing perspectives.