Kamar can conclude that his mother's blood type must be either AB or B. This is because Kamar has an AB blood type, which means he has one allele for A and one allele for B. His father's blood type is heterozygous A, meaning he has one A allele and one O allele. Therefore, Kamar's mother must provide the missing B allele for him to have AB blood type.
So, the correct response is:
Kamar’s mother must be either AB or B because blood types AB is considered codominant.