Let the total number of coins in Jacob's collection be represented by \( x \).
According to the information given, 5 coins are 10% of the total collection. We can express this relationship mathematically as:
\[ 5 = 0.10 \times x \]
To find \( x \), we can rearrange the equation:
\[ x = \frac{5}{0.10} \]
Calculating the right side gives:
\[ x = \frac{5}{0.10} = 5 \div 0.10 = 5 \times 10 = 50 \]
Thus, the total number of coins in Jacob's collection is
\[ \boxed{50} \]