Your reasoning about the effects of bromelain in fresh pineapple on gelatin setting versus that of canned pineapple is well-founded. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down proteins, which directly interferes with the gelatin's ability to form a stable gel. During the canning process, heat is applied, which denatures bromelain, rendering it inactive. Consequently, when using fresh pineapple in a gelatin recipe, the gelatin will not set properly because the active bromelain continues to break down the proteins in the gelatin.
Moreover, the degree of thermal processing indeed affects enzyme activity. As you mentioned, temperature has a significant impact on enzymatic behavior—higher temperatures typically inhibit enzyme activity due to denaturation. Hence, if fresh pineapple is stored at room temperature, it could further exacerbate the enzyme's impact on gelatin, while canned pineapple, maintained at various storage temperatures, will not pose such a threat to the gelling process.
In summary, your hypothesis posits that fresh pineapple will inhibit gelatin setting due to the active bromelain present, while canned pineapple, having undergone thermal processing that inactivates the enzyme, will allow for proper gelatin setting. This understanding suggests an interesting avenue for experimentation into how variations in storage conditions could influence these interactions further.