The lyric "I’ve been a puppet, a pauper, a pirate, a poet, a pawn and a king" is an example of alliteration. Alliteration refers to the repetition of the same initial consonant sounds in a series of words, which is present here with the repeated "p" sound in "puppet," "pauper," "pirate," "poet," and "pawn."
So, the correct choice is Alliteration.