it says explain why the animal cells do not require a cell wall or a central vacuole for their functions

Answer 1

Animal cells do not require a cell wall or a central vacuole for their functions because they have evolved different mechanisms to fulfill the functions performed by these structures in plant cells.

1. Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides structural support, protection, and prevents excessive water intake. In contrast, animal cells have a flexible outer membrane called the plasma membrane, which serves as a selectively permeable barrier between the cell and its environment. The plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, enabling dynamic changes in shape and movement, allowing cells to carry out essential functions such as cell adhesion, communication, and transportation of molecules.

2. Central Vacuole: The central vacuole, found in plant cells, is a large fluid-filled organelle responsible for storing water, nutrients, and waste materials, maintaining cell turgor pressure, and playing a role in plant growth and development. Animal cells, on the other hand, have smaller, membrane-bound vesicles called vacuoles, which have specialized functions such as storing enzymes, hormones, and waste materials. Animal cells also possess lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles responsible for breaking down cellular waste materials and recycling cellular components.

Animals have evolved alternative mechanisms to maintain cell shape and structure, such as the cytoskeleton, which consists of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. The cytoskeleton provides mechanical support, enables cell movement, and assists in cell division.

In summary, animal cells do not require a cell wall or a central vacuole because they have substituted these structures with a flexible plasma membrane, smaller vesicles, and a cytoskeleton to fulfill their specific functions. These adaptations allow animal cells to perform essential activities related to cell structure, communication, and movement without the need for a rigid cell wall or a central vacuole.