It sounds like you are referring to the Sugar Act of 1764 and the consequent legal changes that were part of British colonial policy in America. This act aimed to raise revenue from the American colonies and enforce stricter regulations on trade, including the importation of sugar and molasses.
One of the key provisions of the Sugar Act was the establishment of vice-admiralty courts, which were specialized courts that operated without juries. Instead, these courts were presided over by judges appointed by the British crown. This was significant because it made it easier for British officials to patrol and enforce trade regulations, by allowing them to try colonial merchants for smuggling and other offenses without the need to rely on local juries, which might be more sympathetic to the defendants.
These measures contributed to tensions between the American colonies and Britain, ultimately leading to colonial unrest and, eventually, the American Revolution. If you have a specific aspect you want to explore further or another topic in mind, feel free to ask!
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