The islets of Langerhans, also known as pancreatic islets, are clusters of cells located within the pancreas. They make up only about 1-2% of the total mass of the pancreas but play a crucial role in the regulation of blood sugar levels.
The islets of Langerhans consist of several different types of cells, each with its own specific function. The main cell types found in the islets are:
1. Alpha cells: These cells produce the hormone glucagon, which raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.
2. Beta cells: These cells produce the hormone insulin, which helps lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells.
3. Delta cells: These cells produce the hormone somatostatin, which inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon and regulates the activity of the gastrointestinal system.
4. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells: These cells produce the hormone pancreatic polypeptide, which is involved in the regulation of food intake, digestion, and nutrient absorption.
The islets of Langerhans are highly vascularized, meaning they have an abundant blood supply, allowing for the efficient transport of hormones to target tissues. These hormones, particularly insulin and glucagon, work together to maintain the balance of blood sugar levels and prevent extremes of high or low blood sugar. Dysfunction of the islets of Langerhans can lead to conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where there is improper regulation of blood sugar.
islet of langerhans
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