The invasions of the Gupta Empire by the Alchon Huns (ca. 480-500 CE) primarily resulted in significant disruptions to trade and governance, leading to economic decline. Therefore, the most accurate option is:
The invasions disrupted trade and reduced tax revenue for the government, resulting in economic decline and the collapse of the empire.
These invasions created instability that weakened the Gupta Empire’s ability to maintain control and effectively manage its resources, contributing to its eventual decline.