The underlined word or group of words is a predicate nominative in the sentence:
"In the 1940s, polio was widespread."
In this case, "widespread" acts as a predicate nominative, renaming or providing more information about the subject "polio."
(Note: "widespread" is an adjective here. A correct example with a predicate nominative would require a noun, like "Polio was a widespread illness.")
If we were to note a true predicate nominative from your provided sentences, none exemplify that accurately, as they all contain adjectives or additional information rather than direct noun equivalents. If you have a specific structure in mind for a true predicate nominative, please share!