Scientific knowledge can change and grow in various ways, and among the options you've provided, the following are valid:
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A large number of experiments challenge a prevailing theory - This can lead to a reassessment of the theory and potentially its modification or replacement.
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A single experiment disproves a prevailing theory - If a well-designed experiment provides strong evidence against a prevailing theory, it can lead to significant changes in scientific understanding.
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Experiments reaffirm the validity of a prevailing theory - While this does not directly cause change, consistent experimental results that support a theory can strengthen its acceptance and encourage further investigation.
The statement "a popular scientist states that a prevailing theory is not correct" is less scientifically rigorous because scientific knowledge is built on evidence rather than the opinions of individuals, regardless of their popularity.
So, the ways scientific knowledge can change and grow from your options are:
- A large number of experiments challenge a prevailing theory.
- A single experiment disproves a prevailing theory.
- Experiments reaffirm the validity of a prevailing theory.