In the Middle Ages, a heretic was typically someone who held beliefs or practiced religious teachings that were deemed contrary to the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Some common characteristics of individuals considered heretics included:
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Divergent Beliefs: Those who questioned or rejected core tenets of the Church's teachings, such as the doctrine of the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, or the authority of the Pope.
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Alternative Movements: Followers of alternative religious movements, such as the Cathars or Waldensians, who advocated for simpler forms of Christianity and rejected the materialism and certain practices of the Catholic Church.
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Critics of Church Authority: Individuals who challenged the Church's authority or criticized its practices, including clerical corruption and the sale of indulgences, could be labeled as heretics.
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Mystics and Visionaries: Some mystics or visionaries whose experiences and teachings were seen as outside orthodox beliefs could also be accused of heresy.
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Lack of Adherence to Sacraments: Refusal to participate in or accept the sacraments, which were central to Catholic faith and practice, could result in accusations of heresy.
Accusations of heresy often led to trials by the Inquisition, where individuals could face severe penalties, including imprisonment, excommunication, or execution. The definition of heresy evolved over time, and what constituted heretical beliefs varied depending on the context and the particular period in the Middle Ages.
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