To find the distance from the basement floor to the roof, we need to calculate the difference in elevation between the basement and the roof.
The elevation of the basement is -16 feet, and the elevation of the roof is 37 feet.
To find the distance, we can use the formula:
\[ \text{Distance} = \text{Elevation of the roof} - \text{Elevation of the basement} \]
Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Distance} = 37 - (-16) = 37 + 16 = 53 \text{ feet} \]
Therefore, the distance from the basement floor to the roof is 53 feet.
The correct answer is D. 53.