In scientific research, a shows a relationship between two events. The causing of one event by another is called . As an example, if it's shown that third graders who eat breakfast do better on standardized tests than third graders who don't eat breakfast, this is a .

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In scientific research, a correlation shows a relationship between two events. The causing of one event by another is called causation. As an example, if it's shown that third graders who eat breakfast do better on standardized tests than third graders who don't eat breakfast, this is a correlational study.