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in mendel's monohybrid crosses, what is homozygous?

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In Mendel's monohybrid crosses, "homozygous" refers to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. For instance, if an organism has two dominant alleles (represented as "AA") or two recessive alleles (represented as "aa") for a trait, it is considered homozygous for that trait.

Formula Representation:

  1. Homozygous Dominant:

    • Genotype: AA
    • Alleles: Two copies of the dominant allele.

  2. Homozygous Recessive:

    • Genotype: aa
    • Alleles: Two copies of the recessive allele.

In Contrast:

  • Heterozygous: An organism with two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Aa).

Monohybrid Cross Example:

When performing a monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant (AA) and homozygous recessive (aa) parents, the offspring will all be heterozygous (Aa).

The genotype representation can be summarized in a Punnett square:

    A   A
  _______
a | Aa | Aa |
  |-----|-----|
a | Aa | Aa |

In this example, all the offspring have the genotype Aa, displaying the dominant trait due to the presence of the dominant allele A.