1. Arise only after children have developed self-awareness: This statement is largely true. Self-evaluative emotions, such as pride and shame, typically emerge after infants have developed a basic sense of self. This self-awareness usually occurs around 18 months to 2 years of age. Before this stage, infants do not have a clear concept of themselves as separate individuals and are unable to evaluate their actions or behaviors in relation to societal or personal standards.
2. Arise only after children have become able to differentiate their mental states from that of another person: This statement is not entirely accurate. While the ability to differentiate one's own mental states from that of others is an important aspect of self-evaluative emotions, it is not the sole requirement. Infants can show early signs of self-evaluative behaviors before they fully understand mental states. For example, infants as young as 6 to 12 months may show signs of embarrassment or guilt in response to their actions, even though they may not fully comprehend mental states. Therefore, self-evaluative emotions can start to develop before children fully grasp the concept of mental state differentiation.
In infancy, self evaluative emotions:
1. Arise only after children have developed self awareness
2. Arise only after children have become able to differentiate their mental states from that of another person
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