In an investigation of energy transfer, a student observes a roller coaster at locations A, B, C, and D. Then she creates the graph below of the roller coaster’s potential and kinetic energy at each location.

Question

Which statement is true according to the graph?

(1 point)
Responses

The roller coaster creates kinetic energy.
The roller coaster creates kinetic energy.

The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.
The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.

Potential energy increases, but kinetic energy does not change.
Potential energy increases, but kinetic energy does not change.

The roller coaster destroys potential energy.
The roller coaster destroys potential energy.
Question 8
8. The pendulum in the diagram below swings from position A to B.

If we don’t consider friction, what happens to the total mechanical energy as the pendulum swings from position A to position B?

(1 point)
Responses

It is not conserved
It is not conserved

It becomes greater.
It becomes greater.

It remains the same
It remains the same

It declines
It declines
Question 9
9. Rebecca climbs the ladder of a large water slide, waits her turn at the top, and then slides down the slide into a pool. Which answer best describes the energy changes during her time on the slide?(1 point)
Responses

kinetic → mechanical → potential
kinetic → mechanical → potential

potential → mechanical → kinetic
potential → mechanical → kinetic

potential → kinetic → potential
potential → kinetic → potential

kinetic → potential → kinetic
kinetic → potential → kinetic
Question 10
10. Kim is upstairs, but walks downstairs to the kitchen for a snack. Which statement correctly describes the types of energy she has at the top of the stairs and as she walks down the stairs?(1 point)
Responses

kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down

kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
kinetic energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down

potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down

potential energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
potential energy at the top of the stairs; potential energy as she walks down
Question 11
11. The picture below shows a pinwheel that Bobby has in his front yard.

Often Bobby sees his pinwheel spinning, but other times it does not spin. Which statement best explains what makes his pinwheel spin?

(1 point)
Responses

Energy from the ground shakes the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Energy from the ground shakes the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.

The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.
The colors on the wheel repel one another, causing it to turn.

Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.
Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.

The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.
The Sun heats up the pinwheel, causing it to turn.
Question 12
12. Jennifer uses different forms of energy when she gets ready for school in the morning. Which table below correctly shows the forms of energy used in Jennifer's actions?(1 point)
Responses

Question 13
13. The picture illustrates the solar panels that power all of the appliances in Joshua's house. What energy transformations occur that enable Joshua to bake cookies for his family in the oven? (1 point)
Responses

heat energy → chemical energy → light energy
heat energy → chemical energy → light energy

light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy
light energy → electrical energy → chemical energy

heat energy → light energy → heat energy
heat energy → light energy → heat energy

light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
light energy → electrical energy → heat energy
Question 14
14. As energy is transferred or conserved, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work. What happens to this unavailable energy?(1 point)
Responses

The unavailable energy is conducted
The unavailable energy is conducted

The unavailable energy is destroyed
The unavailable energy is destroyed

The unavailable energy is given off as heat
The unavailable energy is given off as heat

The unavailable energy is given off as microwaves
The unavailable energy is given off as microwaves
Question 15
15. Betsy uses an electric alarm clock to wake up for school. What energy transformation happens in the alarm clock to help her wake up?(1 point)
Responses

electrical energy converts to sound energy
electrical energy converts to sound energy

sound energy converts to kinetic energy
sound energy converts to kinetic energy

electrical energy converts to heat energy
electrical energy converts to heat energy

chemical energy converts to electrical energy
chemical energy converts to electrical energy
Question 16
16. An aluminum block has a starting temperature of 300oC. The block is placed into 200 milliliters of water, which has a temperature of 20oC. What heat transfer will occur?(1 point)
Responses

Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celcius.

Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have the same temperature as their container.

Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature of 20 degrees Celcius.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature of 20 degrees Celcius.

Heat will flow from the block to the water until both have a temperature of 300oC.
Heat will flow from the block to the water until both have a temperature of 300oC.
Question 17
17. Two samples of pure water are mixed with food coloring. One sample is red, and the other is blue. When the two water samples are combined, the red water floats on top of the blue water. Which statement best explains this result? (1 point)
Responses

The blue water is colder and is less dense.
The blue water is colder and is less dense.

The blue water is warmer and is more dense.
The blue water is warmer and is more dense.

The red water is warmer and is less dense.
The red water is warmer and is less dense.

The red water is colder and is more dense.
The red water is colder and is more dense.
Question 18
18. Which investigation would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium?(1 point)
Responses

an investigation of conduction using collisions between particles
an investigation of conduction using collisions between particles

an investigation of radiation using a current within a fluid
an investigation of radiation using a current within a fluid

an investigation of conduction through movement of particles within a solid
an investigation of conduction through movement of particles within a solid

an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves
Question 19
19. Convection ovens cook food more evenly than a standard thermal oven. Which statement explains how a convection oven works?(1 point)
Responses

Hot air is transferred through direct molecule contact.
Hot air is transferred through direct molecule contact.

Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.

Hot air is transferred when heat radiates from a thermal burner.
Hot air is transferred when heat radiates from a thermal burner.

Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Hot air is transferred through density differences when hot air rises and cool air sinks.
Question 20
20. People use oven mitts to avoid getting burns when moving hot metal pans while cooking. Which physical property of the metal pan requires the use of an oven mitt when it is hot?(1 point)
Responses

Low thermal conductivity
Low thermal conductivity

High thermal conductivity
High thermal conductivity

Low magnetism
Low magnetism

High solubility
High solubility
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Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions based on the typical principles of energy transfer, thermodynamics, and related physical concepts:

Question 7

Which statement is true according to the graph?

• The roller coaster’s kinetic and potential energy change from location to the next, but its total energy remains the same.

Question 8

What happens to the total mechanical energy as the pendulum swings from position A to position B?

• It remains the same.

Question 9

Which answer best describes the energy changes during Rebecca's time on the slide?

• potential → mechanical → kinetic

Question 10

Which statement correctly describes the types of energy she has at the top of the stairs and as she walks down the stairs?

• potential energy at the top of the stairs; kinetic energy as she walks down

Question 11

Which statement best explains what makes Bobby's pinwheel spin?

• Energy from the wind pushes on the wheel causing the pinwheel to move.

Question 12

Which table below correctly shows the forms of energy used in Jennifer's actions? (You will need to provide the table options for an accurate response.)

Question 13

What energy transformations occur that enable Joshua to bake cookies for his family in the oven?

• light energy → electrical energy → heat energy

Question 14

What happens to this unavailable energy?

• The unavailable energy is given off as heat.

Question 15

What energy transformation happens in the alarm clock to help Betsy wake up?

• electrical energy converts to sound energy.

Question 16

What heat transfer will occur when placing an aluminum block into water?

• Heat will flow from the block to the water until both substances have a temperature between 20 degrees Celsius and 300 degrees Celsius.

Question 17

Which statement best explains the result of mixing red and blue water?

• The red water is warmer and is less dense.

Question 18

Which investigation would best show the transfer of heat energy without any type of matter as a medium?

• an investigation of radiation using electromagnetic waves.

Question 19

Which statement explains how a convection oven works?

• Hot air is transferred through density differences when cool air rises and hot air sinks.

Question 20

Which physical property of the metal pan requires the use of an oven mitt when it is hot?

• High thermal conductivity.

If you have questions about any particular answer or need clarification on any concept, feel free to ask!