The situation described in Act 4, Scene 4 of "Romeo and Juliet" is an example of dramatic irony. This type of irony occurs when the audience knows more about a situation than the characters do. In this case, the audience is aware that Juliet is not truly dead, as she has taken Friar Lawrence's potion, while the Capulet family and Paris are preparing for her wedding, believing she has died.
When the Nurse and Lady Capulet discover Juliet "dead" in her bed, their reactions are filled with shock and despair. The Nurse first finds Juliet and initially believes her to be in a deep sleep, but upon realizing that something is gravely wrong, she expresses her grief and sorrow with cries of "O woe!" Lady Capulet reacts with devastation, exclaiming about Juliet's beauty and expressing profound loss, lamenting that she has lost her "joy" and "fair creature."
Lord Capulet's reaction to Juliet's apparent death is one of deep sorrow mixed with anger at the situation. He initially shows denial and disrupts the wedding preparations, remarking on the unexpectedness of Juliet's death. His response reveals his character as a loving father who is deeply affected by Juliet’s loss, emphasizing his emotional investment in her well-being and happiness. It also illustrates the unpredictability of life and the stark contrasts between joyous expectations and harsh realities.
Paris's reaction to Juliet’s death is also one of grief, but it is compounded by his feelings of denial and frustration. He mourns the loss of the bride he was looking forward to marrying, expressing sorrow in a way that suggests he had genuine feelings for her, despite their relationship being more politically motivated. This suggests that Paris did care for Juliet beyond mere obligation and had hoped for a real future with her.
Friar Lawrence attempts to comfort the Capulet family by suggesting that Juliet's death is not as tragic as it seems, hinting at the idea that she is in "a better place." He tries to shift their focus away from grief and towards the realities of life and death, saying, "The law of the land hath not been made to provide for the death of a young person." His motivation may stem from his desire to maintain peace and prevent further tragic outcomes from this event. Additionally, he has a vested interest in mitigating the aftermath of Juliet's secret marriage to Romeo and the chaos it has caused in both families. His actions reflect his role as a mediator trying to navigate the complexities of love and familial duty in the midst of tragedy.