In a solution prepared by dissolving 0.200 mole of a weak acid HX in enough water to make 1.00 L of solution, the pH is observed to 5.350. What is the Ka for this acid?

1 answer

To determine the Ka for the weak acid HX, we need to use the equation for the dissociation of the acid in water:

HX(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + X-(aq)

The equilibrium constant expression is:

Ka = [H+(aq)][X-(aq)]/[HX(aq)]

Given that the pH of the solution is 5.350, we can calculate the concentration of H+ ions using the equation:

pH = -log[H+]

[H+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-5.350) = 2.97 x 10^(-6) M

Since HX is a weak acid, we can assume that the concentration of HX is approximately equal to the initial concentration of the acid:

[HX(aq)] = 0.200 M

Now, let's assume that the concentration of X- formed from the dissociation of HX is negligible compared to [HX]. This enables us to simplify the equation:

Ka ≈ [H+(aq)][X-(aq)]/[HX(aq)]
Ka ≈ [H+][X-]/[HX]
Ka ≈ [H+]^2/[HX]

Plugging in the values we know:

Ka ≈ (2.97 x 10^(-6))^2 / 0.200

Ka ≈ 8.83 x 10^(-14)