In 3–5 sentences, construct an argument that explains why lichens are necessary during the process of succession to establish a new ecosystem after an extreme disturbance. Make sure to include what lichens do and what happens when they die.(4 points)

Answer 1

Lichens play a crucial role in the process of ecological succession by serving as pioneer species in newly disturbed environments. They can colonize bare substrates, such as rocks or soil, where few other organisms can survive, and they break down these surfaces through chemical weathering, which helps to create a more hospitable environment for other plants and organisms. Additionally, when lichens die, they contribute organic matter to the soil, enriching it with nutrients and improving its structure, thereby facilitating the growth of higher plants and fostering biodiversity. This initial establishment of life by lichens is vital for transitioning from a barren landscape to a thriving ecosystem.