Gene expression is the process by which information encoded in DNA is used to synthesize proteins, crucial for cellular function. It begins with transcription, where RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence of a gene and produces a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) strand. This mRNA then exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and translate it into a specific amino acid chain, ultimately folding into a functional protein.
In 3–5 sentences, construct a summary of the process of gene expression, starting with DNA and ending with proteins.
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