In England, constitutional monarchy developed as a response to the abuse of power by kings, leading to the establishment of the Magna Carta in 1215 and ultimately the Glorious Revolution in 1688, which limited the king’s authority and empowered Parliament. This system created a balance of power where the monarchy shared authority with elected representatives, promoting democratic ideals and individual rights. In contrast, Russia experienced absolute monarchy, particularly under Tsars like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, where the ruler held complete control over the government and society, often ruling without any checks and balances. The effects of this absolute power in Russia included centralized control and significant reforms, but also widespread oppression and a lack of personal freedoms, contributing to eventual unrest and revolution.
In 3–5 sentences, compare the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England with the causes and effects of absolute monarchy in Russia. Please make your answer simple, and also coherent. Intended for 9th grade.
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