"In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay issued a statement addressing the U.S. policy toward China. The U.S. sent notes to Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia to explain the Open Door Policy. The policy supported the principle that foreign countries have equal access to commercial and industrial trade rights in China and requested that no nations create a sphere of influence in China.

Question

The replies from each country were evasive. They skirted the issue by taking the position that they could not commit themselves unless other nations complied first. Hay concluded that the evasiveness meant that each was willing to comply with the policy. Economic tensions were high. Countries continued to compete for railroad and mining rights and foreign trade within China. Subsequent events lead to the failure of the Open Door principle."


A. What was the main purpose of John Hay's statement regarding the U.S. policy toward China in 1899?



B. Why do you think that having equal access to trading with China would be important for the US?

(8 points)

Answer 1

A. The main purpose of John Hay's statement regarding the U.S. policy toward China in 1899 was to establish the Open Door Policy, which advocated for fair and equal access to trade and commercial opportunities in China for all foreign nations. This policy aimed to prevent any single nation from monopolizing trade in China by creating exclusive spheres of influence, thereby ensuring that the U.S. could participate in China's economic opportunities alongside other powers.

B. Having equal access to trading with China was important for the U.S. for several reasons.

1. Economic Opportunities: Access to China's vast market would provide American businesses and industries with new customers and opportunities for profit, essential for economic growth.

2. Competition: If the U.S. did not secure equal trading rights, it risked being sidelined by other powers who might monopolize trade, harming its economic interests and global competitive position.

3. Influence in Asia: Establishing a presence in China's markets would enhance the U.S.'s influence and power in Asia, a region that was becoming increasingly important geopolitically.

4. Balance of Power: By promoting a policy that ensured equal access, the U.S. sought to foster a balance of power in China, countering European colonial ambitions and preventing potential conflicts over resources and trade.

Overall, the U.S. recognized that its economic and strategic interests were best served by advocating for the Open Door Policy.