A typical professional astronomer would generally have the following educational pathway:
- Bachelor's Degree: This usually takes 4 years after high school (which is typically completed after 12 years of K-12 education). So that's 12 + 4 = 16 years.
- Master's Degree: This often takes an additional 2 years, bringing the total to 16 + 2 = 18 years.
- PhD: Obtaining a PhD in astronomy or a related field can take another 4-7 years. For this calculation, let’s consider the minimum of 4 years. This brings the total to 18 + 4 = 22 years.
However, just to answer the question based on the given options for the minimum years of education up to at least the bachelor’s level or higher, we can note that:
- At a minimum, if we consider just a bachelor's degree as the minimum necessary for a professional astronomer, the total would be 16 years (12 years of K-12 + 4 years of undergraduate).
So the answer to the question based on the minimum necessary education would be:
16 years.