If the proportion of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere decreased significantly but the amount of atmosphere and the reflective properties of the atmosphere did not change, the most likely effect would be:
The temperature of Earth’s surface would decrease because more heat would escape into space.
This is because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that helps trap heat in the atmosphere. A decrease in its concentration would reduce the greenhouse effect, leading to more heat escaping into space, hence resulting in a decrease in surface temperature.