If the proportion of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere decreased significantly, but the amount of atmosphere and the reflective properties of the atmosphere did not change, the most likely effect would be:
The temperature of Earth’s surface would decrease because more heat would escape into space.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning it helps trap heat in the atmosphere. If its concentration decreases, there would be less greenhouse gas to retain heat, allowing more of it to escape back into space, resulting in a decrease in surface temperature.