If a planet had a semi-major axis length of 2.3 AU as it orbits the Sun, what would be its period in years?

1.74 years

2.3 years

3.49 years

12.2 years

1 answer

To determine the orbital period of a planet around the Sun given its semi-major axis, we can use Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion. The law states that the square of the orbital period (P) of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis (a) of its orbit:

\[ P^2 = a^3 \]

where:

  • \( P \) is the period in Earth years,
  • \( a \) is the semi-major axis in astronomical units (AU).

Given that the semi-major axis \( a \) is 2.3 AU, we can plug this value into the equation:

\[ P^2 = (2.3)^3 \]

Calculating \( (2.3)^3 \):

\[ (2.3)^3 = 12.167 \]

Now, we take the square root of both sides to find \( P \):

\[ P = \sqrt{12.167} \approx 3.48 \text{ years} \]

So the closest answer from your options is \( \text{3.49 years} \).