First Sino-Japanese War.
The most accurate reasons for Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) include:
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Military modernization: Japan had undergone significant modernization and industrialization in the years leading up to the war, adopting Western military technologies and strategies. This allowed Japan to have a more efficient and effective military compared to China.
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Naval superiority: Japan had a modernized navy, which played a crucial role in naval battles, specifically the decisive Battle of the Yellow Sea and the naval engagement near Port Arthur.
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Strategy and execution: Japan displayed superior military strategy and planning during the war, effectively coordinating land and naval operations.
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Internal strife in China: China was facing numerous internal problems, including corruption, inefficiency, and social unrest, which weakened its ability to mobilize effectively against the Japanese forces.
Thus, while Japan was smaller in terms of territory, its military modernization, strategic execution, and China's internal challenges were key factors in Japan's victory.