Here are the primary functions of each of the specified macromolecules:
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Carbohydrate
- Short term energy: Carbohydrates are primarily used for immediate energy needs by the body.
- Long term energy: Not typically used for long-term energy storage; however, they can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.
- Structure and immunity: Some carbohydrates (like cellulose) serve structural roles in plants; they also play a role in cell recognition and signaling.
- Store genetic information: Not applicable.
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Protein
- Short term energy: Proteins can be used for energy, but they are not the primary source for short-term energy needs.
- Long term energy: Proteins are not mainly used for long-term energy storage.
- Structure and immunity: Proteins provide structure (e.g., collagen) and play critical roles in immune response (e.g., antibodies).
- Store genetic information: Not applicable.
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Lipid
- Short term energy: Not primarily used for short-term energy; carbohydrates are the main source for this function.
- Long term energy: Lipids are excellent for long-term energy storage (e.g., fats, oils).
- Structure and immunity: Lipids are a key component of cell membranes and also play a role in signaling and immune responses (e.g., phospholipids).
- Store genetic information: Not applicable.
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Nucleic Acid
- Short term energy: Not applicable.
- Long term energy: Not applicable.
- Structure and immunity: Some nucleic acids (like RNA) play roles in protein synthesis, and their structural units (nucleotides) are not related to immunity.
- Store genetic information: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
In summary:
- Carbohydrate: Short term energy
- Protein: Structure and immunity
- Lipid: Long term energy
- Nucleic Acid: Store genetic information