The primary functions of the main macromolecules are as follows:
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Carbohydrates: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide short-term energy. They are quickly broken down by the body to be used as fuel. Carbohydrates also play roles in structural components (like cellulose in plants and glycogen in animals) and cell recognition.
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Proteins: Proteins serve a variety of functions, including acting as enzymes, structural components (collagen, keratin), transport molecules (hemoglobin), and playing roles in immune response and signaling. They can also be used for energy, but this is not their primary function.
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Lipids: The primary function of lipids is to provide long-term energy storage, as they are more energy-dense than carbohydrates. Lipids also contribute to cell membrane structure (phospholipids) and serve as signaling molecules (hormones).
In summary:
- Short-term energy: Carbohydrates
- Long-term energy: Lipids
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