Identify how the physical barriers of the immune system protect the body against pathogens. Check all that apply.

Question

your nose produces oil to keep pathogens from entering the body through your nose

skin contains tightly packed cells

skin is tough, flexible, and waterproof

you cough when a pathogen enters your mouth

you sneeze when a pathogen enters your nose

Answer 1

The physical barriers of the immune system protect the body against pathogens in the following ways:

1. Skin contains tightly packed cells - This minimizes the entry of pathogens by acting as a physical barrier.

2. Skin is tough, flexible, and waterproof - These properties help prevent the penetration of pathogens and reduce the risk of infection.

3. You cough when a pathogen enters your mouth - Coughing can help expel pathogens from the respiratory tract, protecting the body.

4. You sneeze when a pathogen enters your nose - Sneezing expels air and mucus from the nose, which can help eliminate pathogens.

The statement “your nose produces oil to keep pathogens from entering the body through your nose” is not typically a recognized function of immune physical barriers, as the main protective mechanisms in the nose involve mucus and cilia rather than oil.

In summary, the physical barriers of the immune system include tightly packed skin cells, tough and waterproof skin, coughing, and sneezing as protective responses.

Answer 2

What produces acid, oil, and an antibacterial substance to defend against pathogens?

skin

eyes

nose

Answer 3

The skin produces acid, oil, and antibacterial substances to defend against pathogens.

1. Acid: The skin has a slightly acidic pH, which helps inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
2. Oil: Sebaceous (oil) glands in the skin produce sebum, which provides a barrier and has antimicrobial properties.
3. Antibacterial substances: The skin can produce antimicrobial peptides and other substances that have a direct effect on pathogens.

While the eyes and nose have their own mechanisms for defending against pathogens (such as tears and mucus, respectively), the combination of acid, oil, and antibacterial substances is primarily associated with the skin.

Answer 4

What is the role of lysozyme?

produces an antiviral substance

breaks down the cell wall of bacteria

destroy viruses that enter the body

Answer 5

The role of lysozyme is to break down the cell wall of bacteria.

Lysozyme is an enzyme that specifically attacks the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls, leading to lysis (breakdown) of the bacteria. It is found in various bodily fluids, such as saliva, tears, and mucus, and serves as an important component of the innate immune system by helping to protect against bacterial infections.

Lysozyme does not specifically produce antiviral substances or directly destroy viruses; its primary function is antibacterial.

Answer 6

What is the role of Langerhans cells?

prevent pathogens from entering the body using antibacterial agents

destroy pathogens that enter the body using white blood cells

identify pathogens that enter the body and carry them to lymph nodes for destruction

Answer 7

The role of Langerhans cells is to identify pathogens that enter the body and carry them to lymph nodes for destruction.

Langerhans cells are a type of dendritic cell found in the skin and mucosal tissues. They play a crucial role in the immune response by detecting and capturing antigens from pathogens. Once they have identified these antigens, Langerhans cells migrate to nearby lymph nodes, where they present the antigens to T cells and other immune cells, thereby initiating an adaptive immune response.

While they do have some antibacterial properties, their primary function is related to the identification and presentation of pathogens to the immune system.

Answer 8

Fill in the blank with the best word to complete the sentence.

The___
system is a group of proteins in the blood that attack pathogens that enter the body and kill them.

Answer 9

The complement system is a group of proteins in the blood that attack pathogens that enter the body and kill them.

The complement system plays a crucial role in the immune response by enhancing the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane.

Answer 10

Fill in the blank with the best word to complete the sentence.

White blood cells protect against___
and aid in blood clotting when injuries are sustained.

Answer 11

White blood cells protect against infection and aid in blood clotting when injuries are sustained.

White blood cells (leukocytes) are a critical component of the immune system and help defend the body against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also playing a role in the inflammatory response and tissue repair after injuries.