The sentence "I traveled to the moon and back to finish this assignment" primarily exemplifies H) Hyperbole. Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement that is not meant to be taken literally. In this case, it emphasizes the effort or difficulty involved in completing the assignment by suggesting an impossible journey.
It could also have elements of P) Personification if interpreted creatively, as it implies that the assignment is something that would require great effort, as if it were a living entity challenging the speaker.
However, the main classification would be hyperbole.